[摘要]目的:探讨腰麻硬膜外联合神经阻滞后老年患者神经内分泌的变化,评估老年患者应用腰麻硬膜外联合神经阻滞的可行性。方法:随机选择老年择期手术患者(>65岁)30例,在腰麻硬膜外联合神经阻滞麻醉下行下腹部及下肢手术。测量并记录患者入室后麻醉前、麻醉后30min、60min和术毕皮质醇、肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素 (A )和醛固酮(AL)含量;观察并记录患者入室平静后、给药后5min、10min、15min、30min、60min收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2)变化,并观察患者有无心律失常及心肌缺血等并发症。结果:患者麻醉后生命征平稳,各指标均无明显变化(P>0.05),血压下降幅度均<20%,未发生心律失常、心肌缺血加重等心电图改变;麻醉后和术毕肾素活性(PRA)含量明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:腰麻硬膜外联合神经阻滞对老年患者神经内分泌功能具有抑制作用,有利于心血管疾病患者,在老年患者可以安全使用,但应注意平面控制。 Variation of Neuroendocrine in Senior Patients after Combination of Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia Abstract:Objective: To explore variation of neuroendocrine in senior patients after combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia and its clinical feasibility. Methods: 30 senior patients undergoing sub-abdominal and low-limb operation were selected and anesthetized with CSE. DBP, SBP, SPO2, HR, ECG at 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min and 60min after 8 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered subarachnoidly were observed and recorded. Plasma rennin, angiotensin Ⅱ and aldosterone levels were measured at the point of preanesthesia and 30mins, 60mins after anesthesia and the end of surgery. Results: All the hemodynamics measurements were normal and there was no significant variation after CSE. No arrhythmia and cardiac ischemia occurred. The level of plasma rennin dropped significantly after anesthesia (P<0.05). Conclusion: CSE can be safely used in senior patients with well control of block-area and volume-expansion in low dosage and can reduce the level of plasma rennin and may be good to the senior with cardiovascular complication. Key words: Combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia; Senior; Blood pressure; RAAS 老年患者常合并高血压、心脏病、糖尿病等严重并发症;腰麻阻滞平面较广,传统观念认为在老年患者(尤其并有心血管疾病)中应用比较危险,属相对禁忌。临床观察腰麻硬膜外联合神经阻滞(CSE)后老年患者神经内分泌及血流动力学变化,探讨老年患者临床应用CSE的安全性与可行性。 1 资料与方法 1.2 麻醉方法:选择L2~3或L3~4穿刺行腰麻硬膜外联合神经阻滞,腰麻用药0.5%布比卡因(0.75%布比卡因2ml+10%Glucose)1.6ml。给药前常规扩容200~300ml平衡液及参附注射液20ml。手术结束前硬膜外注入1.5%利多卡因4ml。 1.3 观察指标:使用Datex(芬兰产)多功能监护仪监测并记录观察并记录患者入室平静后、给药后5min、10min、15min、30min、60min收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2)变化,并观察患者有无心律失常及心肌缺血加重等心电图变化。30例患者分别于入室后麻醉前、给药后30min、60min和术毕肘静脉取血5ml,加入含有抑肽酶10ul,EDTA-Na220ul的试管中,离心取血浆使用北方免疫研究所的放免药盒,国产2008G型γ闪烁仪测定血浆肾素 (PRA)、血管紧张素 (A )和醛固酮(AL)含量。 1.4 统计学处理:应用SPSS10.0统计软件作统计学处理,各项指标以均数±标准差(±S)表示,自身对照组间均数T检验,P<0.05为差异有显著性。 2 结果 表1 患者麻醉前后生命征变化(略) 表2 手术患者血浆ANP、PRA、AE和AL 变化(略) 给药前后比较有显著差异(P<0.05);给药前后比较有极显著差异(P<0.01) 3 讨论 [参考文献] |